The key strength of our operations in Europe is the high degree of upstream infrastructure integration between our crackers and their feedstock sources. In the case of Grangemouth and Lavéra, our crackers are physically integrated with refineries located on the same site.

This integration allows us to leverage the sites’ infrastructure, energy management and work force and realize feedstock synergies in both directions. Moreover, because each of these crackers and the respective refineries share a single site, we incur virtually no transportation costs in connection with moving petrochemical feedstock from the refinery into the cracker complex.